什么是不可变基础设施？

Q: 云中的不可变基础设施是什么？

An immutable infrastructure is when you create a server and then do not modify it directly. You have to replace the old version with a new one if you have to make adjustments, and it should eliminate “configuration drift” (i.e. inconsistencies that creep into systems over time). After implementing an immutable infrastructure, your cloud environment should be predictable and reliable.

Q: What's the difference between mutable and immutable infrastructure?

The differences between the two concepts are as follows: Mutable Infrastructure: Update and modify your existing servers rather than creating new ones. This is the traditional approach in SaaS. Immutable Infrastructure: Replace servers with newer ones when you need to make changes. This is cloud-native and a newer approach among SaaS apps.

Q: What are the benefits of using immutable infrastructure?

Companies use immutable infrastructures for the following reasons: Deployment and configuration: These should be consistent, and drift should be avoided to ensure stability. Risk Mitigation: Minimize the impact of unforeseen challenges by having the option to revert to earlier versions and reduce the likelihood of encountering deployment problems. Scalability considerations: Explore scaling your app by adding new and identical server instances. Use automation: Identify frameworks that can be automated to limit deployment times.

Q: What are the best practices for immutable infrastructure?

Practices to implement include: Automation: Use infrastructure-as-code (IaC) and similar tools to automate your infrastructure provisioning/management. Version Control Everything: Version all of your aspects for rollbacks/traceability, including dependencies and configurations. Enable robust logging and monitoring: You can identify potential issues during or after new deployments. Start Small, Iterate: Use immutable infrastructure on non-essential elements before utilizing it on others when you know what to do.

Q: 不可变基础设施如何融入云原生领域？

Immutable infrastructure is used alongside DevOps, Kubernetes, and other technologies/teams. Kubernetes: Deployment simplification and managing containerized apps, allowing for immutable infrastructure adoption. DevOps: Align continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) with immutable infrastructure practices for software delivery. Immutable infrastructure requires shifting tooling and mindsets, but you may get reliability/scalability.

发布时间： 2024年11月4日

最后更新： 11月 26, 2024

Learn about immutable infrastructure in the cloud: Discover how it works, why it's important for modern applications, key benefits and best practices, and its place in the cloud-native world.

云中的不可变基础设施是什么？

不可变基础设施是指您创建一个服务器后，不直接修改它。如果您必须进行调整，则必须用新版本替换旧版本，并且它应该消除“配置漂移”（即随着时间的推移逐渐进入系统的不一致性）。

在实施不可变基础设施后，您的云环境应该是可预测且可靠的。

What's the difference between mutable and immutable infrastructure?

这两个概念之间的区别如下：

Mutable Infrastructure：更新和修改您现有的服务器，而不是创建新的服务器。这是SaaS中的传统方法。
不可变基础设施：当您需要进行更改时，用较新的服务器替换旧的服务器。这是云原生的，也是SaaS应用程序中较新的方法。

What are the benefits of using immutable infrastructure?

公司使用不可变基础设施的原因如下：

部署和配置: These should be consistent, and drift should be avoided to ensure stability.
Risk Mitigation: Minimize the impact of unforeseen challenges by having the option to revert to earlier versions and reduce the likelihood of encountering deployment problems.
可扩展性考量：通过添加新的且相同的服务器实例来探索扩展您的应用程序。
使用自动化： 确定可以自动化的框架，以限制部署时间。

What are the best practices for immutable infrastructure?

需要实施的实践包括：

自动化: Use infrastructure-as-code (IaC) and similar tools to automate your infrastructure provisioning/management.
Version Control Everything: Version all of your aspects for rollbacks/traceability, including dependencies and configurations.
Enable robust 日志记录和监控: You can identify potential issues during or after new deployments.
Start Small, Iterate：在您了解如何操作之前，先在非必要元素上使用不可变基础设施，然后再在其他元素上使用。

不可变基础设施如何融入云原生领域？

不可变基础设施与以下技术一同使用 DevOps, Kubernetes, and other technologies/teams.

Kubernetes：简化部署和管理容器化应用程序，从而实现不可变基础设施的采用。
DevOps：对齐 continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) 与软件交付的不可变基础设施实践相结合。

Immutable infrastructure requires shifting tooling and mindsets, but you may get reliability/scalability.

提示

Use immutable infrastructure in your cloud environment. Deploy new and updated servers instead of changing the existing ones if you need to make adjustments.

结论

You should strongly consider immutable infrastructure in your cloud-native development. While there’s a chance that adopting those changes might improve the program’s reliability, it’s worth noting that the impact on scalability remains to be seen. Although it might take time to adapt to the new mindset/tooling, it may lead to positive outcomes in the long run – as long as you’re willing to adapt and start slowly.

要点总结

Server Fixed in Stone: Cloud servers cannot be modified after initial setup, reducing variability. Deploy a new one if you need to make changes.

Predictability & Scalability: Immutable infrastructures are something to consider if you need flexibility with your scaling.

Embrace Automation & Version Control: 在实施不可变基础设施时，需要使用基础设施即代码、严格的版本控制以及类似的工具。这些工具提供了回滚更改和部署管理的功能。