アイデンティティとアクセス管理 (IAM) とは?

Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a governance model that determines who has access to what within SaaS applications. It covers authentication (who a user is) and authorization (what that user may do). For US government systems, NIST’s Digital Identity Guidelines (SP 800-63-4, July 2025) set requirements for identity proofing, authentication, and federation.

IAM provides specific access to indicated resources to the right users while denying access to everyone else. This is important for safeguarding sensitive data and maintaining functionality と operational integrity in cloud environments.

Use passwords with the highest security standards, follow the principle of least privilege, conduct regular audits, and train your employees on security measures. It is also crucial to learn your SaaS provider’s IAM capabilities または 戦略をテストする and align them with your overall security plan.

The specific IAM challenges unique to the SaaS environment include:

• シャドー IT: Employees can adopt SaaS applications without IT approval, outside your IAM controls. Conduct an audit of your SaaS usage on a regular basis to solve any shadow IT problems.
• データの可視性と制御: It’s difficult to determine where data resides and who has access to it in a SaaS environment. Put in place mechanisms for data loss prevention (DLP) to monitor and データアクセスを制御します.
• サードパーティアクセス： Control of access for vendors and partners has to be given special attention. It is recommended to have strong authentication measures in third-party accounts, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA).\
• スケーラビリティ および統合の複雑さ： As your organization expands and incorporates more SaaS applications, your IAM choice must expand and accommodate those applications. Use a centralized IAM solution to manage access across all your SaaS applications.

• 集中型 IAM: すべての SaaS アプリケーションへのアクセスを制御するために、アイデンティティとアクセス管理を一元的に実装します。
• ロールベースアクセス制御 (RBAC): アクセス管理を簡素化するために、職務内容に基づいて操作の権限を委任します。
• フェデレーションアイデンティティ: Allow users to sign into multiple SaaS applications with the same credentials through one identity provider (IdP), which can also enforce 多要素認証; NIST’s SP 800-63-4 sets federation requirements for US government systems (NIST).
• Lifecycle Management: Provide access for new employees and take it away immediately when their roles or employment status changes.
• 継続的な監視: Track your users’ activities and check for any irregularities to prevent possible security threats.
• インシデント対応計画： セキュリティ上の問題が発生した場合に、対処するための戦略を策定しておきます。

The latest trends and technologies in SaaS IAM are AI-based threat detection, risk-based authentication, zero trust, and Identity as a Service (IDaaS). AI and machine learning technologies are used for analyzing users’ behavior and detecting any threats. Risk-based authentication involves varying the amount of authentication that is required の the user depending on the risk level attached to the access request.

Zero trust security model is a security model that operates under the principle that no user or device is automatically trusted based on its location or ownership on the network; each must be verified before being given access (NIST SP 800-207). Identity as a Service (IDaaS) is a cloud-based IAM solution, such as Microsoft Entra ID (Microsoft Learn).